Manzanilla L.R. (ed.) Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies

Springer Science+Business Media New York, 1997. — 302 pp. — (Series: Fundamental Issues in Archaeology). — ISBN: 0-306-45494-7.This book gives an overview of different factors involved in the emergence and change in early urban societies in fourth-millennium Mesopotamia and Egypt; pre-Shang China; Classie horizon Central Mexico, Oaxaca, and the Maya Area; and Middle Horizon societies in the Andean Region.
These factors range from centralized storage and redistributive econo­mies, agromanagerial models, mercantile network control, conflict and conquest, conversion of military commanders into administrators, political power through monumental cosmic reproduction, and elite power through ideological change. It discusses specific archaeological data useful in theoretieal construction.
In the Introduction, a discussion of different developmental processes of urban societies is made. The Eastern Anatolian example emphasizes the role played by interregional exchange networks linking the Mesopotamian plains with the Syro-Anatolian regions. The emergence of an elite is related with the control of the movement of craft goods and raw materials, more than with the appropriation of subsistence goods. The Chinese example stresses the importance of conflict provoked by demographic pressures on resources.
The Mesoamerican cases relate to vast urban developments and manu­facturing centers, ideological importance of monumental planning, and changing behavior of elites.
The Andean cases are related either to the transformation of theocratic leadership into military administrators or to the agricultural intensification model.Early Urban Societies: Challenges and Perspectives (Linda Manzanilla).
An Apology for Redistributive Society in Mesopotamia.
The Egyptian Case.
The Andean Region.
The Basin of Mexico.Old World.
Arslantepe-Malatya: External Factors and Local Components in the Development of an Early State Society (Marcella Frangipane).Arslantepe in Eastern Anatolia.
Conclusions.
Urbanism and the Rise of Complex Society and the Early State in Egypt (Kathryn A. Bard).Urbanism in Dynastic Egypt.
Archaeological Evidence of Predynastic Settlements.
Discussion.
China's First Cities: The Walled Site of Wangchenggang in the Central Plain Region of North China (Walburga Wiesheu).The Site of Wangchenggang.
Other Henan Longshan Sites.
Conclusions.New World.
Teotihuacan: Urban Archetype, Cosmic Model (Linda Manzanilla).Teotihuacan.
A Diachronic View.
Ideology, Power, and State Formation in the Valley of Oaxaca (Arthur A. Joyce).Theoretical Background.
Late/Terminal Formative Period Social Change in the Valley of Oaxaca.
The Consolidation of Power at Monte Alban.
Conclusions.
Clues to the System of Power in the City of Oxkintok (Miguel Rivera Dorado).The Site of Oxkintok.
Conclusions.
Reconstructing Huari: A Cultural Chronology for the Capital City (William H. Isbell).The Huari Site.
Provincial Huari Architecture.Appendix: Outline of Architectural Changes at Huari, by Phase.
Political Institutional Factors Contributing to the Integration of the Tiwanaku State (David L. Browman).Cochabamba Valley, Bolivia.
Oruro, Central Altiplano, Bolivia.
Sillumocco, South Puno, Peru.
San Pedro de Atacama, North Chile Region II.
Azapa, North Chile Region I.
Moquegua, Peru.
Tiwanaku Core.
Summary Remarks.
Population and Agriculture in the Emergence of Complex Society in the Bolivian Altiplano: The Case of Tiwanaku (James Edward Mathews).The Tiwanaku Valley: Environment and Ecology.
Results and Discussion.
Summary of Field Data.
Testing the Models.Recapitulation and Concluding Remarks (Linda Manzanilla).