Deming David. Science and Technology in World History. Volume 1. The Ancient World and Classical Civilization

McFarland, 2010. — 277 p. — ISBN 9780786439324, 0786439327.Science is a living, organic activity, the meaning and understanding of which have evolved incrementally over human history. This book, the first in a roughly chronological series, explores the development of the methodology and major ideas of science, in historical context, from ancient times to the decline of classical civilizations around 300 A.D. It includes details specific to the histories of specialized sciences including astronomy, medicine and physics--along with Roman engineering and Greek philosophy. It closely describes the contributions of such individuals as Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great, Euclid, Archimedes, Ptolemy, Seneca, Pliny the Elder, and Galen.Preface.
Introduction.
Science, Religion and Epistemology.
Before the Greeks.
The Greeks.
Intellectual Freedom, Naturalism, and Demonstration.
The Ionians (c. 600–400 B.C.).
Pythagoras (c. 569–475 B.C.).
Parmenides (c. 520–450 B.C.) and the Eleatics.
Empedocles (c. 492–432 B.C.).
Hippocrates of Cos (c. 460–370 B.C.).
The Greco–Persian Wars (c. 499–448 B.C.).
Socrates (470–399 B.C.).
Plato (428 –348 B.C.).
Philip (382–336 B.C.) and Alexander (356 –323 B.C.).
Hellenistic Science (c. 300 B.C.–A.D. 200).
The Ptolemaic Kings.
Euclid (c. 325 –265 B.C.).
Strato of Lampsacus (c. 340–270 B.C.).
Aristarchus of Samos (310–230 B.C.).
Eratosthenes (276 –195 B.C.).
Archimedes (287–212 B.C.) and the Punic Wars (264 –146 B.C.).
Hipparchus (c. 190–120 B.C.).
Claudius Ptolemy (c. A.D. 100–170).
Roman Engineering.
Lack of Originality in Science and Philosophy.
Concrete and the Arch.
Roads.
Aqueducts.
Baths.
Sewers.
Bridges.
The Roman Writers.
Vitruvius Pollio: On Architecture (c. 30 B.C.).
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 65) and Nero (A.D. 37–68).
Pliny the Elder (A.D. 23–79).
Galen (c. A.D. 129 –200).
Hellenistic Philosophy in Rome.
Epicureanism (c. 300 B.C.–A.D. 300).
Stoicism (c. 300 B.C.–A.D. 200).
Neoplatonism (c. A.D. 250–550).
Conclusion.
Chapter Notes.
Bibliography.
Index.