Rosenfeld Ben Zion, Perlmutter Haim. Social Stratification of the Jewish Population of Roman Palestine in the Period of the Mishnah, 70-250 CE

Brill, 2020. — 248 p. — (The Brill Reference Library of Judaism, Volume 59).This book analyzes Jewish society in Roman Palestine in the time of the Mishnah (70–250 CE) in a systematic way, carefully delineating the various economic groups living therein, from the destitute, to the poor, to the middling, to the rich, and to the superrich. It gleans the various socioeconomic strata from the terminology employed by contemporary literary sources via contextual, philological, and historical-critical analysis. It also takes a multidisciplinary approach to analyze and interpret relevant archeological and inscriptional evidence as well as numerous legal sources.The research presented herein shows that various expressions in the sources have latent meanings that indicate socioeconomic status. "Rich", for example, does not necessarily refer to the elite, and "poor" does not necessarily refer to the destitute. Jewish society consisted of groups on a continuum from extremely poor to extremely rich, and the various middling groups played a more important role in the economy than has hitherto been thought.Prof. Ben Zion Rosenfeld is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Jewish History at Bar-Ilan University. He has published many articles and monographs including Torah Centers and Rabbinic Activity in Palestine 70–400 CE (Brill, 2010).
Dr. Haim Perlmutter is lecturer at Bar-Ilan University and Ashkelon College. His books Grow with Gemara (Targum Press, 2005) and Tools for Tosafos (Targum Press, 1996) are used by students as a vital introduction to the study of the Talmud and its commentaries.