Tyutyunnik V.M. Some features of the modern science development. Nominations for the Nobel Prizes in natural sciences

Monograph. — Tambov: International Nobel Information Centre (INIC). Publishing House “Nobelistics”, 2022. — 168 p. — ISBN 978-5-86609-246-8.Some features of the development of modern natural sciences in relations with officials regarding the publication activity of scientists are discussed. Based on the declassified documents of the Nobel Committees for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine in Stockholm, a scientometric analysis of the procedure for nominating candidates for the Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine for 1901-1950 was carried out. The reasons for not awarding prizes to Russian physicists, chemists, physiologists and physicians are discussed. It is shown that for the first 50 years representatives of 19 countries, 282 scientists 2333 times were nominated for the Physics Prize (more than eight nominations per scientist on average). 54 scientists from 13 countries received the Nobel Prize in Physics. The number of nominators in physics for the first 50 years was 1659. During the first 50 years in chemistry, representatives of 21 countries, 322 scientists were nominated 1235 times (about four nominations per scientist on average). 51 scientists from 8 countries received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The number of nominators in chemistry for the first 50 years was 1875. In physiology or medicine, 842 scientists from 42 countries were nominated 5796 times in the first 50 years. 59 scientists from 18 countries received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The number of nominators in physiology or medicine for the first 50 years was 5020. It shows in detail who was nominated by each of the winners of the first 10 years of Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine. It has been proven that in the first decade, the most reliable nominators were the Nobel Prize winners in the natural sciences themselves: 60% of the scientists they nominated were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry, 50% in physics, and 10% in physiology or medicine. Such a result in the future, judging by the data of the Nobel Committees until 1970, will not be repeated. It is shown who was nominated by all Russian nominators.Acknowledgements.
Abstract, Key words.
Introduction. Some features of modern science.
Reflection of scientific phenomena in Nobel Prizes.
How the Nobel Prizes are awarded?
The first Nobel Prizes in Physics.
Analysis of the features of awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics for the first 10 years.
Physics nominators for the first 10 years.
The first Nobel Prizes in Chemistry.
Analysis of the peculiarities of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the first 10 years.
Chemistry nominators for the first 10 years.
The first Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine.
Analysis of the features of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the first 10 years.
Physiology or Medicine nominators for the first decade.
Nominations from 1911 to 1950.