Kroll Woodrow M. Roman Crucifixion and the Death of Jesus. Crucifixion: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of the Death of Jesus of Nazareth

Resource Publications (CA), 2023. — 344 p.: ill. — ISBN-10 1666739200, ISBN-13 978-1666739206.The Roman practice of crucifixion was so abhorrent that even the Romans didn't talk about it. Yet their government practiced crucifixion for centuries. What drew the crowds to the killing fields to watch people die such torturous deaths? What enabled those elite soldiers in the Roman killing squads to crucify their victims with the precision and skill of a hospital surgeon? These and many other questions are answered in this book. Of the thousands of people who fell victim to ""the most pitiable of deaths,"" one is much better known than all the others--Jesus of Nazareth. Most Christians know something of Jesus' crucifixion because of the Gospel narratives, but to enhance our appreciation of the Savior's death, we benefit by knowing more about Roman crucifixion. Roman Crucifixion and the Death of Jesus provides a deeper understanding of how, where, and why someone could be crucified and helps to inform us of Jesus' crucifixion. Armed with a better grasp of Roman crucifixion, we can more fully appreciate Jesus' pain, his purpose, and his prayers from Calvary's cross.
About the author:
Woodrow Michael Kroll has been the chairman of the Department of Religion at a major university, a college president, and for twenty-three years the president and senior Bible teacher for the international radio program Back to the Bible, with a daily listening audience of 10 million people. Kroll is a member of the Society of Biblical Literature, of the Biblical Archaeology Society, and of the Evangelical Theological Society, where he has been a presenter on crucifixion.Title Page.
Foreword.
Preface.
List of Abbreviations.
Introduction.
Acknowledgments.
The Origins and History of Crucifixion.
The Worst of All Deaths.
Crucifixion and the Romans.
Wood Stake or Roman Cross?
The Components of a Roman Cross.
Types of Roman Crosses.
How Victims Were Fastened to a Cross.
Hands or Wrists?
The Horror of Scourging.
Crucifixion and Archaeology: Proof from Epigraphic Evidence.
Crucifixion and Archaeology: Proof from Tombs and Ossuaries.
Crucifixion and Archaeology: Proof from Gems and Jewelry.
How Roman Crucifixion Informs Us of Jesus’ Death.
Jesus Has the Last Word.
Epilogue.
Appendix A: Chronology.
Bibliography.
Index.